Free PDF , by R. J. B. Bosworth - Mussolini's Italy: Life under the Fascist Dictatorship, 1915-1945, by R. J. B. Bosworth
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, by R. J. B. Bosworth - Mussolini's Italy: Life under the Fascist Dictatorship, 1915-1945, by R. J. B. Bosworth
Free PDF , by R. J. B. Bosworth - Mussolini's Italy: Life under the Fascist Dictatorship, 1915-1945, by R. J. B. Bosworth
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Will be shipped from US. Brand new copy.
- Sales Rank: #6785386 in Books
- Published on: 2008-01-30
- Number of items: 2
- Binding: Paperback
Most helpful customer reviews
22 of 25 people found the following review helpful.
Excellent
By R. Albin
This is an ambitious and successful attempt to write the social history of Fascism. Italian Fascism, Bosworth reminds us, controlled Italy for almost a generation, a considerably longer period than the disastrous experiment of Nazi rule of Germany. How was Fascism experienced by Italians? To what extent did Fascism change Italy? What were the essential features of Fascist rule? What were the well springs of Fascism? Bosworth treats all these issues and more in this carefully documented and well written volume. Rather than pursuing these issues topically, Bosworth has organized this book chronologically. He begins with the nature of Liberal Italy and the experience of WWI, moves through the interwar period and the grim events of WWII, concluding with a concise but revealing chapter on postwar fascist movements. He weaves his topical themes into the narrative very well, providing considerable analysis and showing the historically dynamic nature of the Fascist experience. This combination of narrative and analysis is excellent.
Bosworth is particularly concerned with providing a balanced view of Fascist Italy. The Fascist state is often viewed popularly as a comic opera dicatorship. Bosworth shows well that Fascist Italy appears to be relatively benign only by comparison with Nazi Germany or the Stalinist Soviet Union. This oppressive dictatorship destroyed democracy and human rights in Italy, and by Bosworth's reckoning, was ultimately responsible for about 1 million deaths in Italy, the Balkans, and Africa. It was a police state in which millions of Italians were informing on each other, corrupting the quality of public life. At the same time, Bosworth addresses the "totalitarian" nature of the regime, a claim made by the Fascists themselves that they were remaking the Italian people. Due in large part to the actions of Fascist leaders themselves, this claim is shown to be a fraud. Fascist government itself exemplified the reliance on chains of patronage and clientage with its associated corruption typical of Italian society. Mussolini was quite content to compromise with powerful existing institutions like the Monarchy, the Papacy, and the Army. Bosworth shows very well the continuity the Fascist state had with the Liberal state it replaced and indeed, many of the crucial features of Italian Fascism appear to be extensions of some of the worst features of pre-WWI Italy.
Bosworth's work is careful, thoughtful, and presented extremely well.
11 of 11 people found the following review helpful.
Well-written, except for political commentary
By Robert Fishman
Professor Bosworth puts together a well-balanced look at the development of Italy's Fascist Party and its subsequent takeover of Italy. While arguing that Mussolini was far from innocent, Bosworth does show that he was considerably less malignant than either Hitler or Stalin. For instance, Mussolini did not create anything approaching the horrors of Auschwitz. Moreover, he shows how, unlike those other 2 dictators, Mussolini never established a truly totalitarian state (despite his boasting to the contrary). For instance, the Catholic Church remained as a leading institution within Italian society, and did not always toe the Fascist line. The same thing applies to the Italian monarchy (although Bosworth does not present King Victor Emmanuel III in a positive light). Moreover, he makes a convincing case that the Rome-Berlin Axis was clearly a marriage of unequals, with Italy playing the role of a very junior partner (apparently, Italians did not figure highly in the Nazi racial hierarchy). Even though "national characteristics" are no longer en vogue among historians, I got the impression from this book that Italians were somehow culturally incapable of establishing a genuinely totalitarian state, not to mention one that would seek to create any sort of "new world order." Bosworth also peppers the book with references to Italian Jews who were active in the Fascist Party. This is obviously a striking contrast to the situation in Nazi Germany. On a more critical note, I wish that Bosworth would have given more attention to the issue of "Italia Irredentia" as a function of Mussolini's foreign policy. After all, the Paris Peace Conference did not resolve this issue in Italy's favor (as it had created Yugoslavia out of much of that territory). Why didn't Mussolini attempt to grab this territory before undertaking a far more costly invasion of Ethiopia? After all, Yugoslavia during this period was a rather unstable nation, in jeopardy of coming apart due to increased ethnic tensions. This would have been interesting to read about. In addition, I found Bosworth's random references to contemporary politics unnecessary. He should have focused all of his energy on his title subject.
13 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
A challenge
By Pkneeno
For a first generation American-Italian with an interest in both history and specifically Italian history this book is very frustrating. Bosworth doesn't give us the big picture, but rather a collection of names, political labels, and half stories that leave the reader looking for the thread, looking for the central theme. The first three chapters must list 20+ characters who had some influence on Italy's post WWI politics. None of the named individuals is fleshed out enough to understand what his or her influence was exactly. It's as if Bosworth had a stack of index cards and just transcribed, not really making any effort to link to a chronology or specific theme. His language is frightfully ham-handed in places. The footnotes: Prof B. has 2013 footnotes in 572 pages. The winner is chapter 16, a 35 page chapter with 172 footnotes. It's not that accurate citations are a problem. We want accurate, trustworthy research. It's that the footnotes are indicative of the lack of any coherent theme. We want accurate, trustworthy scholarship, but give us some sort of overview. This is like reading a well researched phone book. Weave it together, doctor. In the words of Rick Atkinson (Army at Dawn, Day of Battle) you can write that the king died and then the queen died or you can write the king died and the queen died of a broken heart. This is a book for the library to buy. I plowed through the footnotes and did get some other books of interest. Bosworth is good at giving translations immediately. Interesting that in Ch 8 p215 he tells us that the word 'totalitarian' was coined in Italy. In a sea of translation and footnotes, he chooses this place to a)not give us the Italian word and b) not give us a footnote citing the speech, publication, whatever. Perhaps Dr. Bosworth's bio of Mussolini is better. A proposito... the Italian word for totalitarianism is 'totalitario' (Webster's New World Italian Dictionary, 1992).
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